test: 蓝牙主从测试脚本(bleak连接/bless GATT从机+bluetoothctl广播)
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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# test_bluetooth.py
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# 参考: https://wiki.sipeed.com/maixpy/doc/zh/modules/bluetooth.html
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#
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# 依赖:
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# 1. 使能蓝牙: bluetoothctl power on
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# (可选开机自启: echo "bluetoothctl power on" >> /etc/rc.local)
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# 2. 安装依赖: pip install bleak
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import asyncio
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import sys
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from collections import namedtuple
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try:
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from bleak import BleakScanner, BleakClient
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except ImportError:
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print("ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bleak'")
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print("请先在设备上安装依赖:")
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print(" pip install bleak")
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print("并使能蓝牙:")
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print(" bluetoothctl power on")
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sys.exit(1)
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MODEL_NBR_UUID = "1A2A"
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BLEDev = namedtuple("BLEDev", ["address", "name"])
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async def scan_devices(timeout=5.0):
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"""扫描周围的蓝牙设备"""
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print("=" * 60)
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print("Scanning BLE devices...")
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print("=" * 60)
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found = {}
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def _cb(device, adv):
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found[device.address] = adv.local_name or device.name
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try:
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await BleakScanner.discover(timeout=timeout, detection_callback=_cb)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"Scan failed: {e}")
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print("Possible causes:")
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print(" 1. Bluetooth not powered on: bluetoothctl power on")
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print(" 2. bleak not installed: pip install bleak")
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print(" 3. BLE hardware/driver not available")
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return []
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if not found:
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print("No devices found.")
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return []
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devices = []
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for address, name in found.items():
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devices.append(BLEDev(address, name))
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print(f" {address} {name}")
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return devices
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async def connect_device(address, timeout=20.0, retries=3):
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"""连接蓝牙设备并尝试读取特征值"""
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print("=" * 60)
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print(f"Connecting to {address} ...")
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print("=" * 60)
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for attempt in range(1, retries + 1):
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try:
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async with BleakClient(address, timeout=timeout) as client:
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print(f"Connected: {client.is_connected}")
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# 遍历服务和特征值
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for service in client.services:
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print(f" Service: {service.uuid}")
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for char in service.characteristics:
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print(f" Char: {char.uuid} props={list(char.properties)}")
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# 尝试读取 Model Number 特征
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try:
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value = await client.read_gatt_char(MODEL_NBR_UUID)
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print(f"Model Number: {value.decode(errors='replace')}")
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"Read {MODEL_NBR_UUID} failed (device may not have it): {e}")
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return True
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[attempt {attempt}/{retries}] Connect failed: {e}")
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if attempt < retries:
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await asyncio.sleep(2)
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print("\nAll attempts failed. 请检查:")
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print(" 1. forrily 是否已连到手机/其它主机（BLE 外设通常只允许一连接），")
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print(" 先在手机上断开它")
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print(" 2. 清除 BlueZ 缓存后重试:")
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print(f" bluetoothctl remove {address}")
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print(" systemctl restart bluetooth")
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print(" bluetoothctl power on")
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print(" 3. 升级依赖:")
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print(" pip install -U bleak dbus-fast")
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return False
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async def main():
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target_name = "forrily"
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devices = await scan_devices(timeout=5.0)
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if not devices:
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return
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if len(sys.argv) > 1:
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address = sys.argv[1]
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else:
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# 按名字查找目标设备，不连第一个
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target = None
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for d in devices:
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if d.name and d.name.strip().lower() == target_name.lower():
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target = d
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break
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if target is None:
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for d in devices:
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if d.name and target_name.lower() in d.name.strip().lower():
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target = d
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break
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if target is None:
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print(f"\nDevice named '{target_name}' not found!")
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print("Scanned devices are listed above.")
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return
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address = target.address
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print(f"\nFound '{target_name}': {address}")
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await connect_device(address)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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asyncio.run(main())
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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# test_bluetooth_peripheral.py
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# 设备(MaixCAM)作为 BLE 从机(Peripheral/GATT Server)广播给手机连接。
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# 参考: https://wiki.sipeed.com/maixpy/doc/zh/modules/bluetooth.html
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#
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# 用法:
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# python test_bluetooth_peripheral.py [广播名字] # 默认 shoot
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#
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# 依赖:
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# 1. 使能蓝牙: bluetoothctl power on
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# 2. 安装依赖: pip install bless
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# 3. 部分 BlueZ 需要 experimental 模式才支持 GATT Server:
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# 编辑 /etc/bluetooth/main.conf 保证有 Experimental = true
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# 然后 systemctl restart bluetooth && bluetoothctl power on
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#
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# 手机端: 用 nRF Connect / 任意 BLE 调试 App 搜索广播名连接，
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# 读写 characteristic 并订阅 notify，每 2 秒会收到计数通知。
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#
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# 实现:
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# - GATT 服务由 bless 注册到 BlueZ
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# - 广播由常驻 bluetoothctl 子进程控制 (menu advertise / name / advertise on)，
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# 这是已验证手机能搜到的路径; 若 bluetoothctl 不可用则回退到 btmgmt adv on
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import asyncio
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import shutil
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import subprocess
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import sys
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import time
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try:
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from bless import (
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BlessServer,
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GATTCharacteristicProperties,
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GATTAttributePermissions,
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)
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except ImportError:
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print("ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bless'")
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print("请先在设备上安装依赖:")
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print(" pip install bless")
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print("并使能蓝牙:")
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print(" bluetoothctl power on")
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raise SystemExit(1)
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DEVICE_NAME = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "shoot"
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SERVICE_UUID = "A07498CA-AD5B-474E-940D-16F1FBE7E8CD"
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CHAR_UUID = "51FF12BB-3ED8-46E5-B4F9-D64E2FEC021B"
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BTCTL_LOG = "/tmp/btctl_adv.log"
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# 不同 bless 版本枚举名不同: writeable / writable
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try:
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WRITE_PERMISSION = GATTAttributePermissions.writeable
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except AttributeError:
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WRITE_PERMISSION = GATTAttributePermissions.writable
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_btctl = None
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def on_read(characteristic, request):
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print(f"[GATT] read {characteristic.uuid}")
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return characteristic.value
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def on_write(characteristic, value, request):
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characteristic.value = value
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print(f"[GATT] write {characteristic.uuid} = {bytes(value)}")
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def on_subscribe(characteristic, session):
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print(f"[GATT] client subscribed: {characteristic.uuid}")
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def on_unsubscribe(characteristic, session):
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print(f"[GATT] client unsubscribed: {characteristic.uuid}")
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def _run(cmd):
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try:
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r = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=10)
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out = ((r.stdout or "") + (r.stderr or "")).strip()
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if out:
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print(f"[adv] {' '.join(cmd)} -> {out}")
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return r.returncode == 0
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except FileNotFoundError:
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print(f"[adv] {cmd[0]} not found")
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return False
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[adv] {' '.join(cmd)} failed: {e}")
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return False
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def adv_start(name):
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"""启动广播: 优先 bluetoothctl (常驻子进程), 失败则回退 btmgmt"""
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global _btctl
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if shutil.which("bluetoothctl") is not None:
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try:
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log = open(BTCTL_LOG, "w")
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_btctl = subprocess.Popen(
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["bluetoothctl"],
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stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
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stdout=log,
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stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
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text=True,
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bufsize=1,
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)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[adv] start bluetoothctl failed: {e}")
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_btctl = None
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if _btctl is not None:
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for cmd in (
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"menu advertise",
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f"name {name}",
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"discoverable on",
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"menu main",
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"advertise on",
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):
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try:
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_btctl.stdin.write(cmd + "\n")
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_btctl.stdin.flush()
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[adv] write '{cmd}' failed: {e}")
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break
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time.sleep(0.3)
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time.sleep(1.0)
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if _btctl.poll() is None:
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print(f"[adv] bluetoothctl advertising on (log: {BTCTL_LOG})")
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return True
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print("[adv] bluetoothctl exited early, fallback to btmgmt")
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# 回退: mgmt 传统广播
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if shutil.which("btmgmt") is None:
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print("[adv] bluetoothctl/btmgmt 均不可用")
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return False
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_run(["btmgmt", "le", "on"])
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_run(["btmgmt", "connectable", "on"])
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return _run(["btmgmt", "adv", "on"])
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def adv_stop():
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global _btctl
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if _btctl is not None:
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try:
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_btctl.stdin.write("advertise off\n")
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_btctl.stdin.flush()
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time.sleep(0.3)
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_btctl.terminate()
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except Exception:
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pass
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_btctl = None
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elif shutil.which("btmgmt") is not None:
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_run(["btmgmt", "adv", "off"])
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async def run():
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gatt = {
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SERVICE_UUID: {
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CHAR_UUID: {
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"Properties": (
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GATTCharacteristicProperties.read
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| GATTCharacteristicProperties.write
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| GATTCharacteristicProperties.notify
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),
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"Permissions": (
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GATTAttributePermissions.readable | WRITE_PERMISSION
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),
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"Value": bytearray(b"hello from maixcam"),
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}
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}
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}
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server = BlessServer(
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name=DEVICE_NAME,
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on_read=on_read,
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on_write=on_write,
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on_subscribe=on_subscribe,
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on_unsubscribe=on_unsubscribe,
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)
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print("Adding GATT ...")
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await server.add_gatt(gatt)
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print(f"Starting BLE peripheral, name = '{DEVICE_NAME}' ...")
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try:
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await server.start()
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"start() failed: {e}")
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print("排查:")
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print(" 1. 蓝牙是否上电: bluetoothctl power on (bluetoothctl show 看 Powered)")
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print(" 2. /etc/bluetooth/main.conf 加 Experimental = true 后重启:")
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print(" systemctl restart bluetooth && bluetoothctl power on")
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print(" 3. 依赖: pip install -U bless dbus-next bleak")
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return
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adv = await server.is_advertising()
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print("=" * 60)
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print(f"'{DEVICE_NAME}' advertising status: {adv}")
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print("Starting advertising ...")
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if not adv_start(DEVICE_NAME):
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print("广播启动失败，请手动执行: bluetoothctl -> advertise on")
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print("手机用 nRF Connect 等 App 搜索并连接，")
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print(f"服务 {SERVICE_UUID}")
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print(f"特征 {CHAR_UUID} (read/write/notify)")
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print("Ctrl+C 退出")
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print("=" * 60)
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try:
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# 每 2 秒向订阅者推送一次计数
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counter = 0
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while True:
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counter += 1
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try:
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char = server.get_characteristic(CHAR_UUID)
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if char is not None:
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char.value = bytearray(str(counter).encode())
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server.update_value(SERVICE_UUID, CHAR_UUID)
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except Exception as e:
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# 没有客户端订阅时可能失败，忽略
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print(f"notify failed: {e}")
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if counter % 10 == 0:
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try:
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print(f"[status] advertising={await server.is_advertising()} "
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f"connected={await server.is_connected()}")
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except Exception:
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pass
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await asyncio.sleep(2)
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finally:
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adv_stop()
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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try:
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asyncio.run(run())
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except KeyboardInterrupt:
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print("\nStopped.")
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